Monday, August 6, 2012

Apollonia Arsuf Dig Day 1






This is the most amazing experience EVER! I am part of an archaeological team from Tel Aviv University and Tubingen University in Germany. Digging in Apollonia Arsuf.
History...Apollonia Arsuf was originally a Persian or Phoenician settlement around the 5th centuryBCE, then The Greeks and the Romans and then the last time this place was occupied was the medieval period or crusader period (around 13th century). Wow that was a very brief synopsis...Perhaps too brief. Here is more detail:
The town was settled by Phoenicians in the 6th or 5th century BC, and named Arshuf after Resheph, the Canaanite god of fertility and the underworld. It was then a part of the Persian Empire and governed from Sidon. Phoenicians of Arshuf produced precious purple dye, derived from murex mollusks, which they exported to the Aegean.
During the Hellenistic period it was an anchorage town, ruled by Seleucids and renamed Apollonia, as the Greeks identified Reshef with Apollo.
Under Roman rule, the size of the town increased. It was an important settlement between Jaffa and Caesarea along Via Maris, the coastal road. In 113 AD, Apollonia was destroyed partially by an earthquake, but recovered quickly. The harbor was built, and trade with Italy and North Africa developed.
During the Byzantine period, the town extended to cover an area of 70 acres (280,000 m2). In the 5th and 6th century AD it was the second largest city in Sharon valley, after Caesarea, populated by Christian and Samaritans, having an elaborate church and a prosperous glass industry.
In 640 AD, the town was captured by Muslims, and the Semitic name Arsuf was restored. The town's area decreased to about 22 acres (89,000 m2) and, for the first time, it was surrounded by a fortified wall with buttresses, to resist the constant attacks of Byzantine fleets from the sea. Large marketplaces appeared, and pottery production developed. In 809 AD, following the death of Harun al-Rashid, the local Samaritan community was destroyed and their synagogue ruined.
In 1101 Arsuf fell to a Crusader army led by Baldwin I of Jerusalem. The Crusaders, who called it Arsur, rebuilt the city's walls and created the Lordship of Arsur in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1187 Arsuf was captured by the Muslims, but fell again to the Crusaders on September 7, 1191 after a battle between Richard I of England and Saladin.
John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut (1177—1236) became Lord of Arsuf in 1207 when he married Melisende of Arsuf (born c.1170). Their son John of Arsuf (c.1211—1258) inherited the title. The title then passed to John of Arsuf's eldest son Balian of Arsuf (1239—1277). He built new walls, the big fortress and new harbor (1241). From 1261, the city was ruled by the Knights Hospitaller.
In 1265 sultan Baibars, ruler of the Mamluks, captured Arsur, after 40 days of siege. The Mamluks razed the city walls and the fortress to their foundations, fearing a return of the Crusaders. The destruction was so complete that the site was abandoned. In 1596, Ottoman tax registers recorded a village there with 22 families and 4 bachelors[1] and later a village called al-Haram existed adjacent to the ruins until it was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
There that is better...I am sure nobody probably read any of that but anyway.
What am I doing?
They did geo-magnetic survey to see what is below the surface and discovered a few new areas which we are working on. There are 3 new areas that will be opened up, or grids in archeological language. This is my grid and it is believed that there is an Byzantine oven here...so I am hopefully digging up an oven!




If you can see the red pegs in the ground...that is my grid...grid w 8200 loc...(that is the official title of my grid) oh and the view is not to bad either!




This is the before picture, I will show you our progress, I am part of a team of five.
I had a fantastic day...here are some photos of what I found today. It is pottery shards from probably the Byzantine period i.e. medieval times.




Oh did I mention I found this, notice the painted pottery and the glass




The square pieces are tesserae or small cubes used in the mosaic floors...awesome!




Helping out the team on the second of the three new dig sites, I am on the 3rd grid.
Anyway I will write more tomorrow...I am to tired now.

Location:הנשיא יצחק בן צבי,Herzliya,Israel

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